In this study, a reconfigurable 2.4G RFID test system based on virtual instrument was designed in combination with the idea of software radio. This system can be used for conformance test on E-tags from physical layer to protocol layer, which is applicable to the tests with different frequency bands or standards, so as to facilitate integrated development and test with multiple protocols as well as secondary development. This system is characterized by short development cycle and low cost. The structure of reconfigurable RFID test system, the design of key module, test results and their analyses were mainly described in this study, where a general demodulation algorithm was put forward.