论文题目:A 36-nW Electrocardiogram Anomaly Detector Based on a 1.5-bit Non-Feedback Delta Quantizer for Always-on Cardiac Monitoring
作者:Ning Pu, Nan Wu, Syed Muhammad Abubakar, Yihuai Yang, Xinpeng Liu, Sining Pan, Yanshu Guo, Wen Jia, Zhihua Wang, Hanjun Jiang
期刊:IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
年份:2024.31 Jan.
卷(期)及页码:Vol.18, No.3, pp.648-661
摘要:
An always-on electrocardiogram (ECG) anomaly detector (EAD) with ultra-low power (ULP) consumption is proposed for continuous cardiac monitoring applications. The detector is featured with a 1.5-bit non-feedback delta quantizer (DQ) based feature extractor, followed by a multiplier-less convolutional neural network (CNN) engine, which eliminates the traditional high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in conventional signal processing systems. The DQ uses a computing-in-capacitor (CIC) subtractor to quantize the sample-to-sample difference of ECG signal into 1.5-bit ternary codes, which is insensitive to low-frequency baseline wandering. The subsequent event-driven classifier is composed of a low-complexity coarse detector and a systolic-array-based CNN engine for ECG anomaly detection. The DQ and the digital CNN are fabricated in 65-nm and 180-nm CMOS technology, respectively, and the two chips are integrated on board through wire bonding. The measured detection accuracy is 90.6% ~ 91.3% when tested on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, identifying three different ECG anomalies. Operating at 1 V and 1.4 V power supplies for the DQ and the digital CNN, respectively, the measured long-term average power consumption of the core circuits is 36 nW, which makes the detector among those state-of-the-art always-on cardiac anomaly detection devices with the lowest power consumption.